Machine for breaking coal



R. A. WILDER.

Coal Breaker.

Patented Feb. 19, 1861.

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N. PETERS. Pnma-Lmw her. Washington. 0. c.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

R. A. WILDER, OF CRESSONA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR BREAKING COAL.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 31,502, dated February 19, 1861.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, R. A. VVILDER, of Cressona, in the county of Schuylkill and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coal- Breaking Machines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which .Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section through the machine. Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section, and Fig. 3 represents in perspective one of the toothed disks, and a portion of the shrouding.

Similar characters of reference where they occur in the separate figures denote like parts of the machine in all the drawings.

Toothed cylinders, .in connection with gratings both flat and curved, have been used in coal breaking machines. These I .do not use.

My invention consists in the use of one or more toothed disks, so arranged in relation to the hopper, as to form one of the sides of said hopper, and working in connection with a retaining device that is also a part of the hopper, so that the coal shall all be broken to an uniform size before it can escape from said hopper, as will be explained.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

A, represents a substantial frame work upon which is supported in suitable bearings B, the shafts G, carrying upon their inner ends disk wheels D, furnished with concentric rows of teeth a, fastened thereto by screws, keys, wedges or any other proper fastening, so as to be removed and replaced when broken, or worn out. These disks I propose to make slightly conical, except at their hubs 6, though they may be curved with the convex sides facing each other. Flat disks may be used, though they would not answer so well, as I make the disks form one or more sides of the hopper, and the hopper should be flaring toward its top to readily take in the coal that is to be broken. Around the-major portion of the disks, is placed a grated shrouding E, that will retain the coal within the action of the teeth of the disk wheels, until it is broken fine enough to pass through the openings in the bottom F, but allow the finer pieces that are thrown against it to pass out between its rlbs.

The bottom F, is furnished with a series of openings 0, corresponding to the series of bottom as may be preferred. The holes 0 in the bottom may vary in size as shown in the drawings, the smaller ones nearer the center of the disks, and the larger ones nearer their perimeter so that by raising up the ends of the bottom F, the coal will pass more toward the center where the holes are smaller, and by lowering them it will pass more toward the ends Where the holes are larger, thus making the machine adaptable to the particular size of coal to be broken by it. The bottom F, may be removable for the purpose of changing it readily, for others having different sizedholes in them, and each half of the bottom may be composed of segments so as to change only a part, or the whole as may be found advantageous.

I have shown two toothed disk wheels, as operating together, and forming two sides of the hopper. It is obvious however, that the machine may be cut in two right through the center of thebottom plate F, and thus make two machines out of the one, which might answer for some purposessi des being put up, to form the hopper. But I prefer the two disks, and they running in contrary directions, as more economical.

A cover G, is placed over the top of the disks, in which there is a hole (Z, to drop the coal through. The coal is immediately caught by the teeth and reduced more and more as it approaches the bottom F, and this bottom holds it, until it is broken fine enough to pass through the openings 0, whence it may fall into an assorting or sifting screen, to be separated into proper sizes.

Any suitable machinery and power may be used for driving the disks. I have here represented a shaft I-I, having upon it two pulleys I, I, from which pass endless belts or bands 9, g, to pulleys on the respective shafts C, C. One of these belts or bands should be crossed, the other straight so that one shaft G, shall run in one direction and the other one in a contrary one. 'I have shown the teeth a as of a curved or hooked form-when so made the disk must be run in a direction that will carry the points of the teeth foremost. When the teeth are straight it is immaterial which way either disk runs, provided the other one runs in a direction contrary to its direction. I have mentioned the shrouding as being slatted or open; and the bottom plate F, as being made of two pieces, but I do not desire to restrict my invention to what I consider the better plans merely, and leave my invention exposed to obvious modifications of the parts, for the shrouding may be close, and the bot tom F may be of one piece, and the machine so operated, but not as I conceive so efliciently.

Having thus fully described the nature and object of my invention, what I claim 1s 1. So constructing and arranging a r0- tating toothed disk in a coal breaking machine as that it shall serve the purpose of a breaker, as well as form one of the sides of the hopper into which the coal to be broken is thrown, substantially as described.

2. In combination with a rotating toothed disk, forming one side of the hopper, a perforated plate or plates F, forming the bottom of said hopper, substantially as described.

3. Hinging the bottom of the hopper F, at its middle, and adjusting it at its ends for the purpose of passing the coal to or from the center or to or from the larger and smaller openings in it so as to break the coal of greater or less sizes substantially as described.

4. In combination with the rotating disk, and the perforated bottom, the curved shroudings E, as, and for the purpose described.

5. Constructing and operating a coal breaking machine so that the teeth or knives of one rotated vertical disk shall pass the teeth or knives of the other rotated vertical disk in opposite directions, so that they may strike the coal that comes between them on opposite sides at the same moment for the purpose of cracking the coal into pieces and preventing the waste by crushing or pulverizing substantially as described.

R. A. WILDER.

Witnesses:

J OHN MoCoLLIN,

W. S. CoUL'rER. 

